Monday, October 21, 2013

科研经费

http://www.6park.com/news/messages/50804.html


10月11日,全国政协副主席、科技部部长万钢在国新办新闻发布会上。中新社发 张勤 摄
www.6park.com

  近日,科技部部长万钢怒斥科研经费“恶性问题”。“新华视点”记者梳理近三年国家各部委、各省份年度审计报告发现,科研经费被“贪、吞、挪、骗”屡见不鲜,“黑洞”惊人。 www.6park.com
  总量居世界第三、年度过万亿元的科研投入,却没有换来与之相应的科技创新效应。科研腐败症结在哪?“黑洞”又该如何堵住? www.6park.com
  课题“养人”:研究未启动 钱已进腰包 www.6park.com

  大到发放工资、福利、建经济适用房、购买汽车,小到充饭卡、交电话费,甚至重复报销车票,在一些已曝光和查处的科研腐败案例中,科研经费几乎“无所不能”。 www.6park.com
  某985高校社科处的一位人士说,我国高校和研究机构科研项目主要来自政府部门和社会合作,国家级项目对可支配的劳务、餐饮、会议等费用会有一定的额度限制,社会合作项目却基本上由课题负责人一人决定,除了可计提30%左右的劳务费,可报销的单据也几无限制,科研经费成为变相收入补贴已是“公开的秘密”。 www.6park.com
  原本用于支持创新、推动科技进步的经费,为何变成众人争抢的“唐僧肉”? www.6park.com
  广州某部属高校一位从境外回国任教的教授,在国外每年薪水近100万元人民币,而回到广州后工资收入不过10余万元。“之所以回国,一是职称提高了,二是,工资收入虽然降低了,但有科研经费作补贴,实际收入并不低。”www.6park.com
  21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇说,课题还没开,一部分资金就已进入某些人员的腰包,这同我国科研人员的薪酬体系有关。一些科研机构、高校对科研人员采取“基本工资+津贴+奖励”的薪酬制度,津贴、奖励部分主要源于“科研提成”。 www.6park.com
  审计报告也印证了这种说法。2007年至2009年,陕西省6所省属高校项目负责人按5%到20%的比例提取开题费、特支费等上千万元,正是高校“自行规定”的。 www.6park.com
  “某种程度上说,一些课题经费已异化为科研人员的‘红包’。”熊丙奇说。 www.6park.com
  利益勾结:凭关系立项 按立项分成 www.6park.com

  针对科研领域乱象,相关部门近年花了很大力气治理,但当前科研腐败问题依然触目惊心,原因何在?科技部部长万钢一语中的:“科技人员和管理人员是坐在同一条船上。” www.6park.com
  科研人员和行政管理人员结成“利益共同体”,甚至出现“既当裁判员又当运动员”的怪象,使得科研经费失去了应有的纯洁性,一些科研人员将功夫用在了科研之外。 www.6park.com
  河南财经政法大学教授史璞告诉记者:“要想立项,就要有关系,甚至还有一些掌握科研经费的部门找人家来立项,立完项再要分成,这并不鲜见。” www.6park.com
  在一些用于鼓励企业加大自主研发力度的科研专项资金分配中,企业往往也要为获得有限的资源“挤破头皮”。南方某省近年设立的LED产业发展专项资金,每年高达4.5亿元,当地一家LED生产企业负责人告诉记者,尽管有申报程序和评选办法,实际上科技主管部门的主要官员掌握着分配权,能否拿到钱,能拿到多少钱,就看企业“公关”力度有多大了。 www.6park.com
  浙江省审计厅2012年在年度审计报告中也指出,部分高校领导和科研管理人员既是管理监督者,又是科研项目承担者,这是高校科研经费管理不严的主要原因之一,且违规较多的通常是项目经费量大的学科带头人,而学校往往出于科研成果和学科建设等考虑,未能严格执行相关制度。 www.6park.com
  对科研经费的管理和监督,并非无章可循,但科研项目封闭运行,监管制度难以形成有效约束。上述985高校社科处人士说,课题经费既然已经拨下来,财务人员一般认为这笔钱就是属于课题负责人的,财务报销程序不过是走个过场,这让一些不法人员敢于冒险违规。 www.6park.com
  机制变形:为立项而立项 “好钢”未用在刀刃上 www.6park.com

  国家统计局最新数据显示,2012年,我国全社会研究与试验发展经费投入总量达10298.4亿元,增长18.5%,总量居世界第三,投入强度在新兴发展国家中居领先地位。 www.6park.com
  多位科研人员反映,现行体制下,我国大学和科研机构把课题多少作为科研人员晋升、考核的重要指标,一些课题成果“注水”,“重立项,轻研究”“重投入、轻绩效”成为突出问题,这表明我国科研体制在运行过程中出现了种种扭曲,科研投入与叫得响的科技成果不成正比。 www.6park.com
  史璞说,很多科研人员把精力花在立项上,没有多少精力搞研究,就用科研经费去包装成果,再用包装的成果去申请新的课题,科研经费就在这种“课题复课题”的循环中被浪费掉。 www.6park.com
  部分行政领导敷衍了事,采取“撒胡椒面”的方式分配科研经费,也造成严重浪费。审计结果显示,2012年,湖南省科技厅安排的3578个科技项目中,接近四成项目金额不超过两万元;2011年,福建省教育厅分配的800万元科研经费,平均每个项目不到1万元。 www.6park.com
  扭曲的机制导致科研成果转化率低。如2008至2010年,贵州师范大学、贵州财经学院、贵阳中医学院三所高校取得专利和技术成果转让33项,仅占取得科研成果总数1434项的2.3%。 www.6park.com
  如何让科研投入真正发挥应有的效益,专家和科技界人士呼吁,必须加快推进科研制度的改革与创新,清除当前体制运行中存在种种弊端,让科研经费的“好钢”真正用在刀刃上。 www.6park.com


  中国社会科学院法学研究所副研究员吕艳滨等认为,遏制科研腐败,应彻底改革科研经费分配机制和评价机制,让科研经费“晒”在阳光下,并以现代财务制度管理加以管理;还应对科研人员实行阳光化的“年薪制”,改变课题养人的怪象,让科研资金释放出最大效应,激发科研体制改革的活力。

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2013 TOYOTA COROLLA L AUTOMATIC Gray

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2010 Toyota Corolla Base 4D Sedan 30000 $5,860 - $8,535



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Monday, October 14, 2013

corolla

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corolla configuration

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Toyota Corolla S 5-Speed MT
Vehicle Overview
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VIN
2T1BU4EE6AC441549
MPG Hwy
35 miles/gallon
Rear Brake Type
Drum
Year
2010
MPG City
26 miles/gallon
Anti-Brake System
4-Wheel ABS
Make
Toyota
Dealer Invoice
$15,023 USD
Standard Seating
5
Model
Corolla
MSRP
$16,420 USD
Optional Seating
No data
Trim Level
S 5-Speed MT
Engine Type
1.8L L4 DOHC 16V
Tires
205/55R16
Manufactured In
CANADA
Driveline
FWD
Wheelbase
102.40 in.
Body Style
SEDAN 4-DR
Ground Clearance
5.80 in.
Curb Weight
No datalbs
Transmission
5-Speed Manual
Front Brake Type
Disc



Equipment Details
Trim Level

Front Heated Seat
Opt.
Destination Charge
$720 USD
Body Style
SEDAN 4-DR
Front Power Memory Seat
N/A
Locking Pickup Truck Tailgate
N/A
Driveline
FWD
Leather Seat
Opt.
Vehicle Anti-Theft
Std.
City MPG
26 miles/gallon
Second Row Folding Seat
Std.
ABS Brakes
Std.
Anti-Brake System
4-Wheel ABS
Second Row Multi-Adjustable Power Seat
N/A
Electronic Brake Assistance
Std.
Front Brake TypeS 5-Speed MT
Disc
Third Row Removable Seat
N/A
Locking Differential
N/A
Turning Diameter
35.60 in.
Cargo Area Tiedowns
N/A
Vehicle Stability Control System
Std.
Rear Suspension
Semi
Load Bearing Exterior Rack
N/A
Front Side Airbag
Std.
Rear Spring Type
Coil
Power Sunroof
Opt.
Passenger Airbag
Std.
Front Headroom
38.80 in.
Manual Sunroof
Opt.
Second Row Side Airbag
N/A
Front Legroom
41.70 in.
Daytime Running Lights
Std.
Electronic Parking Aid
N/A
Front Shoulder Room
54.80 in.
High Intensity Discharge Headlights
N/A
Trunk Anti-Trap Device
Std.
Front Hip Room
53.00 in.
Running Boards
N/A
Remote Ignition
Opt.
Curb Weight
No data lbs
Rear Spoiler
Opt.
Separate Driver/Front Passenger Climate Controls
N/A
Overall Length
178.70 in.
Splash Guards
Std.
Tachometer
Std.
Overall Height
57.70 in.
Power Sliding Side Van Door
N/A
Tilt Steering Column
Std.
Ground Clearance
5.80 in.
Alloy Wheels
Opt.
Leather Steering Wheel
Std.
Track Rear
59.90 in.
Full Size Spare Tire
N/A
Telescopic Steering Column
Std.
Width at Wheelwell
No data
Steel Wheels
Std.
Genuine Wood Trim
N/A
Depth
No data
Electrochromic Exterior Rearview Mirror
N/A
Trip Computer
Std.
Optional Seating
No data
Heated Exterior Mirror
Opt.
Cassette Player
N/A
Cargo Volume
12.30 cu.ft.
Power Adjustable Exterior Mirror
Std.
CD Changer
Opt.
Maximum Towing
1500 lbs
Interval Wipers
Std.
Voice Activated Telephone
N/A
Maximum Payload
No data lbs
Rear Window Defogger
Std.
Second Row Sound Controls
N/A
Maximum GVWR
No data lbs
Sliding Rear Pickup Truck Window
N/A
Telematics System
N/A
Warranty Distance
36,000  mile
Towing Preparation Package
N/A
Front Cooled Seat
N/A
Powertrain Warranty Distance
60,000 mile
Manufactured in
CANADA
Front Power Lumbar Support
N/A
Rust-distance
Unlimited
Engine Type
1.8L L4 DOHC 16V
Front Split Bench Seat
N/A
Dealer Invoice
$15,023 USD
Tank
13.20
Passenger Multi-Adjustable Power Seat
N/A
Child Safety Door Locks
Std.
Highway MPG
35 miles/gallon
Second Row Heated Seat
N/A
Power Door Locks
Std.
Steering Type
R&P
Second Row Removable Seat
N/A
4WD/AWD
N/A
Rear Brake Type
Drum
Cargo Area Cover
N/A
Automatic Load-Leveling
N/A
Front Suspension
S 5-Speed MT
Cargo Net
Opt.
Limited Slip Differential
N/A
Front Spring Type
Coil
Pickup Truck Bed Liner
N/A
Traction Control
Std.
Tires
205/55R16
Removable Top
N/A
Driver Airbag
Std.
Rear Headroom
37.20 in.
Automatic Headlights
N/A
Front Side Airbag with Head Protection
N/A
Rear Legroom
36.30 in.
Fog Lights
Side Head Curtain Airbag
Std.
Rear Shoulder Room
54.60 in.
Pickup Truck Cargo Box Light
N/A
Second Row Side Airbag with Head Protection
N/A
Rear Hip Room
43.90 in.
Front Air Dam
Std.
First Aid Kit
Opt.
Curb Weight Manual
Skid Plate
N/A
Keyless Entry
N/A
Overall Width
69.30 in.
Wind Deflector for Convertibles
N/A
Air Conditioning
Std.
Wheelbase
102.40 in.
Power Trunk Lid
N/A
Cruise Control
Opt.
Track Front
59.80 in.
Chrome Wheels
N/A
Tilt Steering
Std.
Cargo Length
No data in.
Run Flat Tires
N/A
Heated Steering Wheel
N/A
Width at Wall
No data
Power Windows
Opt.
Steering Wheel Mounted Controls
Std.
Standard Seating
5
Glass Rear Window on Convertible
N/A
Adjustable Foot Pedals
N/A
Passenger Volume
92.00 cu.ft.
Electrochromic Interior Rearview Mirror
N/A
Tire Pressure Monitor
Std.
Standard Towing
1500 lbs
Deep Tinted Glass
N/A
AM/FM Radio
Std.
Standard Payload
No data lbs
Rain Sensing Wipers
N/A
CD Player
Std.
Standard GVWR
No data lbs
Rear Wiper
N/A
DVD Player
N/A
Warranty Duration
36 month
Tow Hitch Receiver
N/A
Navigation Aid
Opt.
Powertrain Warranty Duration
60 month


Subwoofer
N/A
Rust-duration
60 month


Driver Multi-Adjustable Power Seat
N/A
MSRP
$16,420 USD



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