Thursday, October 3, 2013

What You Can and Can't Do During the Government Shutdown

What You Can and Can't Do During the Government Shutdown

Tuesday, Oct 1, 2013  |  Updated 1:38 PM EDT
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A would-be visitor pauses at a barricade to the Lincoln Memorial, Oct. 1, 2013. See the full image at www.twitter.com/NPCA.
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No national parks. No Smithsonian. (And no Panda Cam.) No new applications for social security, no tax audits, no way to check that the employee you want to hire is a citizen.
The government officially shut down at midnight Oct. 1. Hundreds of thousands of federal workers were furloughed, and some of the D.C.-based services tourists and locals alike rely on will be closed.
Here’s a list of what you likely can and can’t do during a government shutdown. We'll be adding to the list; if you know of something we've left off,email us and we’ll research it.
During a shutdown, you can:

Get help from 911: 
All emergency services will continue as usual, including law enforcement and emergency and disaster assistance.
Get caught by a red light camera in D.C.: Red light cameras will still be running, and tickets will still be sent out, which brings us to the next item on the list....
Get mail: Employees of the United States Postal Service are exempt from furloughs.
Get your Social Security benefits: Payments will still be issued, although some could be delayed due to a reduction in workforce.
Receive disability benefits: See above.
Receive SNAP benefits: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program will continue to operate.
Receive WIC benefits in Maryland and possibly other areas: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is dependent on federal funds for adminstrative tasks, but some states have enough of their funding to pay benefits, including Maryland. All Maryland-authorized vendors are continuing to accept WIC checks. (View contact info for all states' agencieshere.)
Get a passport, probably: The Bureau of Consular Affairs is funded by fees rather than appropriated funds, so it will continue to operate, a spokesperson tells NBC Washington. However, some State Department passport offices are located in federal buildings that may have to shut down, so you should check to see if your preferred passport office is open before visiting.
Sign up for healthcare exchanges: Despite the GOP's attempts to defund or delay the Affordable Care Act, the plan is already funded, and online healthcare exchanges are scheduled to open Tuesday for uninsured Americans. (Read more.)
Get your trash picked up, even if you live in D.C.: Even if Mayor Vincent Gray's attempt to declare all city workers essential is rejected, the district has about two weeks' worth of money on hand already authorized by Congress, which might be enough to wait out a fairly brief shutdown.
Be protected by the U.S. military and law enforcement agencies: Personnel considered essential to public health and safety are exempt from furloughs.
Be paid and receive benefits if you're in the U.S. military: Congress has approved the Pay Our Military Act, a measure to continue to pay troops on time, and President Barack Obama signed it into law late Monday.
Receive healthcare benefits if you're a furloughed federal worker: Furloughed federal workers can continue to use their health benefits during the shutdown, even if their premium payments are normally deducated from their paychecks. They will have to make up the premium payments after the shutdown ends. See more here (PDF) and scroll to section H.
Visit a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital: VA hospitals will remain open. Veterans will also be able to get mental health counseling and get prescriptions filled at VA health clinics.
Get veterans' disability payments and pension benefits: Claims workers will continue to process theses, but the Board of Veterans Appeals is closed during the shutdown, so veterans looking to appeal a denial will have to wait until the shutdown ends.
Ride Amtrak: While Amtrak receives federal subsidies, it's organized as a corporation and collects enough revenue in ticket fees to outlast a brief shutdown.
Take Metrorail and Metrobus: Metro assured riders Monday that the system would stay open in the event of a shutdown, although it could shorten some trains (for example, from eight cars to six) if ridership is down because fewer people are going to work.
Travel by air: Federal air traffic controllers and most TSA agents would continue showing up to work, although you may find some longer lines at security checkpoints.
Apply for a new patent: The U.S Patent Office is funded for the next four weeks, which should be enough to outlast any government shutdown.
Safely eat meat: Meat inspectors with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) will continue to report to work because they're essential for public safety.

Learn about the unemployment rate:
 The September jobs report will be released Friday.
Get an unemployment check: Checks will still be sent out, although some payments may be delayed due to a reduction in workforce.
Get food stamps: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will continue to be distributed.
Pay taxes: Workers will continue to have taxes deducted from their paychecks, and all tax payments will continue to be processed. Note that millions of taxpayers have requested 6-month extensions on their 2012 tax filings, and that the deadline for that is Oct. 15. That deadline is not expected to change.
Go to the DMV: You can still visit the Department of Motor Vehicles in your location because they are run by the state (or in D.C.'s case, the city).
Get weather warnings and watches: All National Weather Service offices will be open and will continue to provide forecasts and severe weather alerts.
Visit non-government-run museums: The National Building Musem, the Crime Museum, the Phillips Collection and other fee-based museums remain open for business.
Go to state and county parks: Since they're funded by state and local budgets, they will remain open.
File a copyright online: The U.S. Copyright Office is closed, but the Electronic Copyright Office is still open for users to register their work.
Have an Immigration Application or Petition Processed: The offices of U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services are open during the shutdown. However, there may be some delays, and the Department of Labor will stop processing permanent labor certifications. See the full breakdown here.
Go to school: Sorry, kids, schools are open.

During a shutdown, you can't:
Apply for new Medicare or Social Security benefits: While current recipients will continue to receive payments, a reduction in staff would mean no new applications can be processed.
Visit the Capitol: While the Capitol will remain open for congressional matters, it will be closed to visitors.
Get a new small business loan: Existing loans would be honored, but new applications would not be accepted.
Receive WIC benefits, possibly: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) may not continue until the government reopens -- but some state funds may be available to pay benefits, including in Maryland. Check with your state agency if you are concerned. (View contact info here.)
Go to the Smithsonian museums, the National Gallery of Art or the National Zoo: About 90 percent of the Smithsonian's 6,400 workers will be furloughed, with all museums and the zoo to be closed. The animals will still get fed, but visitors won't be around to see that.
Camp in a national park: All national parks -- from Yosemite to Shenandoah National Park -- will close, and day visitors will have to leave immediately. (But longer-term campers already in parks will have two days to leave.)
Visit a Civil War Battlefield: Like national parks, historic battlefields will be closed.
Watch the Zoo's Panda Cam: We know -- in the event of a government shutdown, there are more important things for many people to worry about. But D.C.'s first panda cub in years was a cause for celebration around the region, and huge numbers of fans have flocked to the Panda Cam since the cub's birth in August.
Visit the monuments: D.C.'s monuments are under control of the National Park Service, which means tourists wouldn't get to visit sites such as the Lincoln, World War II or Franklin Delano Roosevelt memorials. The NPS will begin turning off fountains and blocking entrances early Tuesday in the event of a shutdown.
Check the legal work status of an employee: The E-Verify system allows employers across the country to check on immigration status, but it's a federal website, which means it would be shut down.
Have a Permanent Labor Certification Processed: While the offices of U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services are open during the shutdown, the Department of Labor will stop processing permanent labor certifications during the shutdown. See the full breakdown here.
Continue to be audited: The IRS will suspend audit activities. (They will begin again as soon as the government shutdown is over.)
Go rowing, if you're part of a crew team that uses a boathouse on federal land: Many local high school teams use boathouses on the Anacostia and Potomac rivers, but access would be cut off in the event of a shutdown.
ALSO SEE:

TGFbeat

Signaling by the TGFβ Superfamily

  1. Jeffrey L. Wrana
+Author Affiliations
  1. Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
  1. Correspondence: wrana@lunenfeld.ca
The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily was discovered in a hunt for autocrine factors secreted from cancer cells that promote transformation (Roberts et al. 1981). However, it soon became clear that TGFβ and the related bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate diverse developmental and homeostatic processes and are mutated in numerous human diseases. Furthermore, TGFβ-superfamily members such as activins, Nodal, and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) were shown to control cell fate as a function of concentration, thus defining them as a key class of secreted morphogens (Green and Smith 1990).
TGFβ-superfamily members are highly conserved across animals and comprise the largest family of secreted morphogens. Ligands are produced by cleavage of a prodomain that releases active disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers. TGFβ (plus activin, Nodal, and GDFs) and BMPs both signal through transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors. These are typically presented as using distinct downstream pathways (see Figs. 1 and 2), although some crosstalk in certain cell types occurs. In each pathway there are two kinds of receptors: type I and type II (Massague 1998). Ligand binding induces formation of heterotetramers containing two type II and two type I receptors, which allows the constitutively active type II receptor to phosphorylate a glycine-serine (GS)-rich region in the type I receptor. This initiates signaling through the Smad pathway (Fig. 1), with the phosphorylated GS region providing a docking site for receptor-regulated Smad proteins (R-Smads). In TGFβ signaling, this is promoted by Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) in the endosomal compartment (Attisano and Wrana 2002).
Figure 1.
Smad signaling.
Figure 2.
Non-Smad signals.
Despite the large TGFβ superfamily (>30 members in humans), the receptor repertoire is limited: only five type II and seven type I receptors are encoded in mammalian genomes, with the type I receptors funneling signaling into one of two distinct R-Smad pathways: the TGFβ-Smad pathway (R-Smad2/3) or the BMP-Smad pathway (R-Smad1/5/8) (Massague 2012). Docking of R-Smads allows phosphorylation of the last two serines in their carboxyl termini by the type I kinase, which induces dissociation from the receptor, binding to the common Smad, Smad4, and nuclear accumulation of the Smad complex. In the nucleus, most Smads regulate transcriptional responses by direct binding of their MH1 domain to DNA (Smad2 only binds to DNA indirectly) in cooperation with various DNA-binding partners that include sequence-specific transcription factors. These Smad DNA-binding partners typically bind to the R-Smad, thus maintaining specificity of the transcriptional response. Smads also interact with transcriptional coactivators or corepressors that modulate the transcriptional output. Interestingly, the remaining two Smads, Smad6 and Smad7, are transcriptional targets of R-Smads and act in a negative-feedback loop to inhibit signaling by interacting with the receptors and recruiting Smurf and related ubiquitin ligases of the Nedd4 family to induce receptor degradation. SnoN and the related Ski, as well as Arkadia, a ring-finger ubiquitin ligase (also known as RNF111), are important examples of negative and positive regulators of Smad2/3-dependent transcription, respectively (Stroschein et al. 1999;Niederlander et al. 2001). SnoN and Ski negatively regulate the pathway as corepressors of Smads, whereas Arkadia promotes signaling by degrading negative regulators of the pathway, such as Smad7 and SnoN/Ski.
The Smad pathways are the major mediators of transcriptional responses induced by the TGFβ family, which control cell-fate determination, cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and actin rearrangements. However, receptor signaling is not restricted to R-Smad activation (Fig. 2). The type II receptor phosphorylates Par6 polarity proteins bound to the type I receptor to dissolve tight junctions in epithelial cells (Ozdamar et al. 2005) and specify axons (Yi et al. 2010). Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is regulated by the receptors (Griswold-Prenner et al. 1998), signaling via SHC-Grb2 has been reported (Lee et al. 2007), and interactions between the kinase PAK and the TGFβ receptor link it to cytoskeletal and focal adhesion dynamics (Wilkes et al. 2009). BMPRII is of particular interest because it has a unique carboxy-terminal tail that serves as a docking site for binding of the kinases LIMK and JNK, thus linking BMP signaling to the actin cytoskeleton and the microtubule network, respectively (Miyazono et al. 2010;Podkowa et al. 2010). These pathways are critical in neuronal dendritogenesis and may be important in familial pulmonary hypertension, in which mutations in BMPRII are a major cause of disease (Morrell 2011). Numerous kinase cascades, including the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways, are also regulated by TGFβ signaling (Mu et al. 2012), with signaling to TRAF6 being one important mechanism of MAPK regulation. These non-Smad pathways combine with the gene-expression programs controlled by Smads to yield an integrated response to TGFβ signals.
Finally, TGFβ signaling is embedded in a higher-order network of interactions with other signaling pathways. For example, Smads interact with the Wnt pathway (via Lef/TCF transcription factors and β-catenin), the Hedgehog pathway (via Gli transcriptional regulators), and the Hippo pathway (via TAZ and YAP). This provides an integrated signaling network that allows contextual interpretation of morphogen signals in diverse biological settings (Attisano and Wrana 2013).

Footnotes

  • Editors: Lewis Cantley, Tony Hunter, Richard Sever, and Jeremy Thorner
  • Additional Perspectives on Signal Transduction available atwww.cshperspectives.org


Wednesday, October 2, 2013

我的姐姐

想家了。不知道出国这个决定是对是错。如果在国内,这么努力的话,可能根本都不会想家吧。月是故乡明。 我想回家当一块砖啊。

想起来了爸爸当初给人办事低头哈腰。

孩儿立志出乡关
学不成名誓不还
埋骨何须桑梓地
人生无处不青山



推倒一世之智勇,开拓万古之心胸------陈亮




水调歌头 送章德茂大卿使虏             

  不见南师久,谩说北群空。当场只手,毕竟还我万夫雄。自笑堂堂汉使,得似洋洋河水,依旧只流东。且复穹庐拜,会向藁街逢。            尧之都,舜之壤,禹之封。於中应有,一个半个耻臣戎。万里腥膻如许,千古英灵安在,磅礴几时通。胡运何须问,赫日自当中。